(2014) Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Depression: Scientific evidence and Biological Mechanisms. Grosso G, Galvano F, Marventano S, Malaguarnera M, Bucolo C, et al. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 5: 808–818. Kotwal S, Jun M, Sullivan D, Perkovic V, Neal B (2012) Omega 3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. The use of omega-3 PUFA is effective in patients with diagnosis of MDD and on depressive patients without diagnosis of MDD. Omega-3 PUFA resulted effective in RCTs on patients with bipolar disorder, whereas no evidence was found for those exploring their efficacy on depressive symptoms in young populations, perinatal depression, primary disease other than depression and healthy subjects. No relation between efficacy and study size, baseline depression severity, trial duration, age of patients, and study quality was found. Significant clinical efficacy had the use of omega-3 PUFA as adjuvant rather than mono-therapy. Use of mainly EPA within the preparation, rather than DHA, influenced final clinical efficacy. Meta-analysis of 11 and 8 trials conducted respectively on patients with a DSM-defined diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and patients with depressive symptomatology but no diagnosis of MDD demonstrated significant clinical benefit of omega-3 PUFA treatment compared to placebo (standardized difference in random-effects model 0.56 SD and 0.22 SD, respectively pooled analysis was 0.38 SD ). Meta-regression analyses assessed the effects of study size, baseline depression severity, trial duration, dose of omega-3, and age of patients. Type of omega-3 used (particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid ) and omega-3 as mono- or adjuvant therapy was also examined. Standardized mean difference in clinical measure of depression severity was primary outcome. To conduct an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of omega-3 PUFA treatment of depressive disorders, taking into account the clinical differences among patients included in the studies.Ī search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Database of RCTs using omega-3 PUFA on patients with depressive symptoms published up to August 2013 was performed. Despite omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation in depressed patients have been suggested to improve depressive symptomatology, previous findings are not univocal.
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